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Hydroponic System Information
- Pot Culture
The cheapest and simplest means to grow hydroponically. Ideal for beginners, simply fill a suitable pot with soiless medium and fill a bottom tray (or AquaTray) with nutrient solution by hand. The nutrient will reach the plant using capillary action in the first stages.
- Ebb & Flow
Also called 'Flood & Drain'. Plants grown in this method are often supported in pots, filled with Hydroton clay pebbles, which are placed into a special tray. The tray is regularly flooded to soak the hydroton clay with nutrient solution and then it is allowed to drain back into a holding tank. This cycle is repeated several times a day. When the nutrient drains away fresh air and oxygen are drawn to the root zone of the plants. Highly efficient and easy to manage method of soil-less gardening.
- NFT - Nutrient Film Technique
Commonly known as NFT. The plants rest in a flat but sloping tray or channel, often without support or using rockwool cubes, the nutrient solution is simply recirculated around the system with roots bathed by a constant flow of nutrient feed. The system is easy and quick to install and provides fast growth rates. As the system is usually run on a constant basis (during day light hours) the management of NFT systems has to be more diligent than other types of systems. However if management is correct this system type (developed in the UK) will out-perform all other system types currently available.
- Aeroponics
Aeroponics is an effective method that involves suspending the roots of the plant within a darkened sealed chamber, where they are misted with a nutrient mix. Due to the high oxygen levels in such a system rapid growth rates can be achieved. Similar management issue to NFT
-Drip irrigation
A reservoir of nutrient feed is pumped via drippers to plants usually supported in pots or more commonly Rockwool cubes or slabs. The AquaTray is used for this method also. The excess nutrient may then be recirculated or allowed to drain away, known as 'run to waste'. Use this excess nutrient to feed to your soil based plants. It is possible using this method to feed plants individual pots giving maximum flexibility, coconut coir and hydroton clay are also popular mediums used in drip irrigation.
Guide to Grow Lights
Hydroponics Indoor Grow Light Information
No Lights ...No plants!!
Light is the most important environment factor to consider whether growing in soil outside, or hydroponically inside, or in a greenhouse. Depending upon where you live and where you want to garden the sun will not always be there for you. With a Power Plant Grow Light system you can literally grow any plant, anywhere and anytime!
Grow Lights - How do they work?
Based on proven horticultural technology each Power Plant unit consists of three individual items. A reflector, which protects the lamp and directs the light to where we want it; the ballast box, that contains the components necessary to ignite the lamp and to regulate the current when the lamp is running; and finally the lamp itself.
Metal Halide and High Pressure Sodium Lamps
Depending on the location of your hydroponics system and whether there is any natural light available, you will most often start off with a High Pressure Sodium lamp. This is the type used by commercial growers to 'supplement' natural light and to extend the 'day length' that a plant is subjected to. Metal Halide lamps give off a 'blue' light which is more suitable for young plants and vegetative growth. High Pressure Sodium lamps put out light which is more 'red' and can be compared to the light of an autumn sunset. The addition of Sodium lamps enhances flowering in many crops and are the preferred option if natural day light is also available.
Power Plant Horticultural Lighting Easy to Install & Cheap to Run
Installing a Power Plant Grow Light is easy and quick. All units are supplied prewired and are ready to install. Simply hang your chosen reflector, install the desired lamp and plug the reflector into the ballast unit. Then plug the ballast into a 240v power supply via a contactor and switch on. All Power Plant reflectors, due to their lightweight, can be hung from a simply ceiling hook. Power Plant units are surprisingly cheap to run, a 400w unit on for 12 hours per day cost just over £2.00 per week.
Quality, Value & Safety
Power Plant's specially designed horizontal reflectors direct all the light down to your plants; this ensures a broad intense spread of light. All of the ballasts in the range feature Mercedes Benz capacitors, a timed igniter and a choke manufactured in the UK by Venture Horticultural Lighting. We are Proud to offer a limited 3 year warranty on Power Plant choke and igniter components. All products are CE marked.
HID Lighting
Introduction
Modern bulbs are an attempt to re-create natural daylight in intensity and sometimes exceed it. It is the most important element of the grow room and is used by the plant to create energy by photo-synthesing to grow and develop. The plant does this by using the light energy from the sun, (or lamps) to react with the carbohydrates and water in the plant to produce energy and oxygen.
You can almost never have too much light, unless then you are deficient in CO2 or some other limiting factor, in which case it’s pointless. The light supplied has to contain the correct spectrum in the right quantities, this is why incandescent (i.e. normal household) bulbs aren't of any use.
Plants only seem to use the blue and the red ends of the spectrum. Blue is more important in the rooting/growth stage and red becomes more important when flowering. (At the end of the season)
HID (High Intensity Discharge)
High Intensity Discharge (HID) lights are the most efficient source of light a grower can use. These lamps produce five times as much light energy per watt of electrical energy than any incandescent lights and will last much longer. Bulbs range in sized from 100 to 1000 watts.
HID lamps consist of a bulb, normally in a reflector, which is plugged into the mains electricity supply via a ballast. This ballast must be matched to the particular bulb for proper operation, e.g. A Metal Halide ballast cannot run a High Pressure Sodium bulb. (Unless you’re using a conversion bulb. MH conversion bulbs produce halide light and are designed for HPS fixtures. ). All HID lamps produce quite a large mount of heat, which must be vented out of the grow room. There are now 'cooling reflectors' available to take the hot air generated by the lamp out of the room via a small separate vent.
The main drawbacks to HID lighting systems is that they put out intense heat, which subsequently causes plants to dry out faster, and the fact that they are incapable of providing the entire natural spectrum. HID lights come as close to natural light as human technology can take us, but natural sunlight is still more full and vibrant. There are two types of HID lamps to be aware of, Metal Halides and High Pressure Sodium’s.
Both have a lifetime of about 12 to 18 months before they should be replaced.
MH (Metal Halide)
Metal halides have the more balanced spectrum. The light they give out has a significant amount of light from the bluer end of the spectrum, which the plant uses to grow vegetatively. It produces plants with a small internodal length, with large leaves and thick stems. It produces the most natural looking plants. It simulates the light from the beginning of the year and is good for plants before they're switched into flowering mode. They're normally slightly more expensive than HPS.
Recently, there have been 'enhanced spectrum' MH bulbs produced which also give off a significant amount of red light. Conversion bulbs are also available which plug into HPS ballasts which are actually MH bulbs. Useful for changing the light balance without changing the ballasts also.
In the event of a power failure, they need about 20 minutes before restating. They may restart earlier but it shortens the life of the bulb quite dramatically to try and start a hot bulb.
HPS (High Pressure Sodium)
HPS bulbs are the most common HID to use, especially during flowering, giving off characteristic reddish light. The red in the light spectrum encourages good flower/ fruit growth. It is possible to use HPS during vegetative growth, but only for a week or two. Older plants start to look a little unnatural and 'lanky', with large internodal length and brittle stems. For this reason conversion bulbs, or enhanced spectrum bulbs are needed, or even better, a Metal Halide.
HPS bulbs can be re-started after about 3 minutes if powered down.
How Much HID HPS or MH Light?
Use 30 watts (normal) to 60 watts (with CO2) for each square foot of growing space or (350watt - 600watt per square meter).
How Much CFL Fluorescent Light?
Use 12.5 watts (normal) to 25 watts (with CO2) for each square foot of growing space or (150watt - 300watt per square meter).
Fluorescents
These are excellent for rooting cuttings, cupboard grows or supplemental lighting. The new range of high intensity lamps are especially useful in producing compact bushy plants up to a few inches tall.(e.g. Nebula, Lightwing or PL2 Propagation Unit). After reaching the height of about 10 to 12cm they'll start to get weak due to the poor penetration of a florescent. They have the advantage of being very cheap and easy to obtain.
LPS (Low Pressure Sodium)
Often mistaken for HPS. Also give off a red light. No good for growing, unless stunting cuttings.
Halogen/ Incandescent
Cheap and easy to obtain but give off too much heat in the wrong spectrum. Not used.
Making the most of your lights
Timers
Keeping regular lights on/off ratio and sticking to it is very important. If the lights are inadvertently switched on within the dark cycle it can stress out the plants and produce strange results. The shortening of the days simulates autumn and brings many plants into flowering mode. Some varieties of plants are more photosensitive than others but all require a stable light regime. A good quality timer is essential. For bulbs care must be taken to use a timer that is rated for an inductive load equal to the light wattage.
Light Contactors and Timer Relays
A low cost solution to the problem of timer failure. The Lighsafe and Maxibright Contactor/ Timer Relays plug into your existing timer to protect against the inductive loads generated by the electrical discharge of Horticultural Lighting.
A Contactor unit divert the electrical load from a timer to a heavy-duty relay or contactor. As a guide match the switching load to the correct Contactor unit, for example 2 x 1000w Sodium ballast = 10Amps running current (switching load) so a 10Amp rated contactor unit should be selected.
Contactor switching units are available servicing most requirements, the running currents for Standard Venture ballast and the Maxibright Compact ballast units are as follows;
Sodium Ballast Output Standard Compact
250 watt 1.32 Amps 1.25 Amps
400 watt 2.13 Amps 2 Amps
600 watt 2.89 Amps 3 Amps
1000 watt 5 Amps 5 Amps
Reflectors
A good reflector is very important, there are many varieties and all help to keep the light where it’s needed. Air-cooled reflectors are also available.
Walls should be painted or covered white. White is a better reflective than silver foil. Even better is Black & White plastic or Mylar. Both are easy to wipe down in between crops and will benefit your crop by minimising wasted light energy.
Care
All HID bulbs should be handled with care, using a cloth or towel. Any oil from your fingers can crack a bulb when it gets hot.
Electricity Costs;
1) Multiply total kilo-wattage of your lights by hours switched on. (Gives Kilowatt Hours)
e.g. (1 x 400w Ballast) 0.4 KW x 12 Hours = 4.8 = 4.8 Kw
2) Multiply this number by your price per unit on your bill. (A 'unit' is a Kw Hour)
e.g. 4.8 Kw x £0.10 = £0.48
This gives the price PER DAY of running the bulbs.
Light Movers
These devices distribute the available light more evenly among the growing area. It stops the plants at the edge from stretching. It is especially useful if using a combination of HPS and MH light because it evens out the spectrum for the plants. There many varieties available.
Conversion Lamps
These are much used and eliminate the need to have separate ballasts for HPS and MH. The grower simply unscrews the old light and replaces it with the conversion bulb. Many still believe a true MH produces better results than the conversion bulb though.
Guide to Growing Media
Growing Media Information
Hydroponic and Soil Media
In any soiless gardening system that uses a media its purpose is solely to anchor the roots and hold moisture/ nutrient for the plant. The media itself is inert and contains no plant nutrients. Made of various inert materials it will not decompose, nor harbour any soil borne pests or disease.
The plants complete nutritional needs are met by the special nutrient mixes that you add to the individual system.
We offer a range of growing media that have been selected due to their high quality and superior capacity for holding nutrient solutions, while still retaining a good balance of oxygen and moisture.
Typical Hydroponics Media Are:
Hydroton Clay
Hydroton is a special kiln fired clay based aggregate that is super heated and formed into small 'marbles' usually between 4mm to 16mm in diameter. The inner core structure is porous and will absorb and release nutrient and water to the plants as required. Hydroton will not compact; this ensures excellent aeration for the root zone. Hydroton is completely reusable and will last indefinitely, making it real value.
Hydroton is an excellent medium for pot culture, to mix with Canna Coir and for use in Ebb & Flow systems. It is especially popular with Orchid growers. Hydroton will readily accept transplanted seedlings started in Rockwool or any other traditional planting mix.
Canna Coco Coir
Coconut Coir is rapidly becoming the media of choice for both soil-less gardeners and soil based gardeners who are concerned about the depletion of rare peat bogs in the world. Coco Coir is a waste material from coconut production and is 100% renewable.
Canna Coco Coir is the market leader in Hydroponic Coir media, this is due to the high quality and pretreatment necessary for coir to be used in soil-less gardening. Canna Coco Coir has been pretreated or washed to eliminate the high levels of salt often found in the raw material. Other Coconut Coir's on the market are often unsuitable for soil-less gardening due to these high salt contents.
Horticultural Rockwool
Made from molten basalt rock spun into a candy floss like fibre, Grodan Rockwool is a popular medium used by hobby gardeners and commercial growers alike.
The material is available in small starter cubes for propagating seeds or cuttings, through to large slabs in which plants will happily grow for months and months.
Soil Media
Bio-Bizz All Mix
All-Mix was developed especially to be the best potting soil for organic cultivation. It consists of 20% sphagnum peat moss, 35% garden peat, 10% high quality organic worm manure, 30% perlite and 5% Pre-Mix. Watering is sufficient for plant growth, however, Fish-Mix and Alg-A-Mic may be used during the growth phase as added stimulants.
Canna Professional Plus Soil Mix
Contains a range of peats and perlite as well as trace elements and various chelates. This pH neutral media contains sufficient feed for the first growing week. Made using first class organic raw material and is free from viruses and soil diseases.
Other Media
Other media that are often used in Hydroponics include Sand, Gravel, Vermiculite and Perlite. In fact any media that is inert and pH neutral can be used, but other issues such as compaction and air to water ratios are very important to consider.
Guide to Growroom Ventilation
Grow Room Ventilation Information
Fresh Air - Good air circulation is an important consideration in any growing environment. Usually an extractor fan is used to bring fresh air in from outside the grow room & another extractor fan is used to remove stale air from the growroom. In some instances it is possible to use only one extractor which is used to remove (extract) stale air from the growroom & fresh air is replaced naturally through vents, windows, walls etc. One of the main reasons extractors are used is to ensure that there is always an adequate supply of CO2 in the growroom. In an enclosed environment your plants will quickly use up all available CO2 which will lead to slowing of growth.
Odour Control - Unwanted odours are one of the biggest challenges to the indoor gardener. Whether you are growing chilli peppers, orchids or your favorite herbs or spices. Air extraction is a critical element to a healthy growroom/greenhouse & should be used whenever possible. Extracted air from a growroon/greenhouse can often be quite pungent. Utilise a carbon filter to remove any air borne smell associated with your crop. A carbon filter works by using activated granules of charcoal through which the smelly air from your crop is extracted through with the use of an extraction fan (such as our LTI range). Use a Carbon Filter on the inlet side of an extraction fan for odour free air on the outlet. Carbon Filters are probably the best way of removing odours from any area as they are machine packed with high quality charcoal. Charcoal has long been recognised as one of the best vehicles for air filtering. Different sizes available for different sized growing rooms. Carbon Filters are easy to install & operate & best of all require no electricity & are quiet to run. Think about using the odour free air to pump warm air (it's always nice & warm in growrooms) into other areas as added heating in winter.
Carbon Filter Positioning - The best place for the suspension of a carbon filter is near to the ceiling & must always be suspend within the grow room or greenhouse, never outside. You will need to attach your filter to a suitable extractor fan. Usually the connection is made using a length of ducting or reducer/connector & ducting tape. Carbon Filters come complete with a fabric sleeve. This is to protect the carbon from dust particles which may damage the carbon & reduce the effectiveness of the filter. It is important to ensure that the fabric sleeve is always fitted. Once the sleeve becomes clogged & black in colour it is time to change for a replacement, which are readily available & inexpensive. If you keep your fabric sleeve in good order the charcoal within will be effective for at least 12 months under normal conditions (in fact the carbon in these filters are known to last as long as 18months & longer!!!). After this time you may notice a reduction in effectiveness - this is normal but means it is time for the filter to be repacked with fresh charcoal. Soon we will be supplying a re-fill service where by your filter will be repacked with fresh charcoal.
Note: Ask for a copy of our ready reckoner to ensure that you get the right fan & filter to match your room size. Matching the fan & filter to the room size will help to maintain longevity of your filter & fan.
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